[21F] Experiencing chronic emotional distress and shortness of breath

Patient Description

A 21-year-old female reports experiencing significant emotional distress, including feelings of anger, disappointment, and hopelessness since 2015. She has been having trouble focusing and concentrating for over 17 years. The patient also experiences moderate shortness of breath, which began suddenly in 2021 and occurs weekly, lasting a few hours each time. These episodes are exacerbated by crying or getting angry. She reports changes in sleep patterns, including difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, and sometimes sleeping too much. Additionally, her appetite has decreased. The patient has not sought medical attention for her shortness of breath and is not currently taking any medications. There is no known family history of mental health issues, and she has not used substances like alcohol, tobacco, or recreational drugs to cope with her feelings. She also reports having PTSD from past trauma.

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Arora's Assessment

What might be happening

Based on the symptoms and history you've provided, here are some possible explanations for what you might be experiencing:

1. Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

  • Rationale: Your feelings of hopelessness, worthlessness, irritability, changes in sleep and appetite, and difficulty concentrating are all common symptoms of depression. The emotional distress and mood swings you’ve described, along with the history of trauma, further support this possibility.
  • Typical Treatments: Treatment often includes a combination of psychotherapy (such as cognitive-behavioral therapy) and medications (like antidepressants). Lifestyle changes and support groups can also be beneficial.

2. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

  • Rationale: You mentioned a history of trauma and experiencing PTSD. Symptoms like irritability, emotional distress, and difficulty concentrating can be part of PTSD. The onset of your symptoms coinciding with a traumatic event (your brother's birth) also supports this.
  • Typical Treatments: Treatment usually involves trauma-focused therapies (like EMDR or cognitive processing therapy) and sometimes medications to manage symptoms. Support from mental health professionals is crucial.

3. Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

  • Rationale: Constant worry, overthinking, and difficulty concentrating are hallmark symptoms of GAD. Your history of worry and mood swings also aligns with this diagnosis.
  • Typical Treatments: Treatment often includes cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), medications (such as SSRIs or benzodiazepines), and lifestyle modifications to reduce stress.

4. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

  • Rationale: Difficulty focusing and concentrating since childhood could indicate ADHD. Emotional dysregulation and mood swings can also be associated with ADHD.
  • Typical Treatments: Treatment may involve behavioral therapy, medications (like stimulants or non-stimulants), and strategies to improve focus and organization.

What you can do

Emotional Distress and Mood Swings

  • Seek Professional Help: It's important to consult a mental health professional, such as a psychologist or psychiatrist, who can provide a formal diagnosis and treatment plan. They can offer therapies and medications tailored to your needs.
  • Self-Care Strategies: Practice mindfulness, meditation, and relaxation techniques to help manage stress and emotional distress. Journaling your thoughts and feelings can also be therapeutic.
  • Support System: Reach out to trusted friends or family members for support. Consider joining a support group for individuals with similar experiences.

Shortness of Breath

  • Immediate Steps: Practice deep breathing exercises or use relaxation techniques to help manage episodes of shortness of breath. Ensure you are in a calm environment when these episodes occur.
  • Medical Consultation: It's important to see a healthcare provider to rule out any underlying physical conditions that might be contributing to your shortness of breath.

Difficulty Focusing and Concentrating

  • Structured Routine: Establish a daily routine with specific times for activities to help improve focus. Break tasks into smaller, manageable steps.
  • Professional Evaluation: Consider getting evaluated for ADHD or other cognitive issues by a healthcare provider. They can recommend appropriate treatments and strategies.

General Well-being

  • Healthy Lifestyle: Maintain a balanced diet, regular exercise, and adequate sleep. These can have a positive impact on your mental and physical health.
  • Symptom Tracking: Use MDandMe to journal your symptoms, track your progress, and get insights. This can help you and your healthcare provider understand your condition better and adjust treatments as needed.

What you should look out for

Given the severity of your symptoms and the potential for life-threatening conditions, you should seek medical care as soon as possible. Reasons to seek care even more urgently include:

  • Suicidal Thoughts: If you have thoughts of harming yourself or others, seek immediate help by calling emergency services or going to the nearest emergency room.
  • Severe Shortness of Breath: If your shortness of breath becomes severe or is accompanied by chest pain, seek immediate medical attention.
  • Worsening Symptoms: If you notice a significant worsening of your symptoms, consult a healthcare provider promptly.

Remember, while I can provide information and support, it's crucial to seek care from real health professionals to receive a formal diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Your well-being is important, and there are resources and people who can help you through this.

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4 mo ago

People Also Ask


What are the common symptoms of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)?

Common symptoms of Major Depressive Disorder include persistent feelings of sadness or hopelessness, loss of interest in activities, changes in appetite or weight, sleep disturbances, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, and thoughts of death or suicide.


How can Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) affect daily life?

PTSD can affect daily life by causing flashbacks, nightmares, severe anxiety, and uncontrollable thoughts about the traumatic event. It can lead to emotional distress, irritability, difficulty concentrating, and avoidance of situations that remind the person of the trauma.


What are some effective treatments for Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?

Effective treatments for Generalized Anxiety Disorder often include cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), medications such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or benzodiazepines, and lifestyle modifications like stress management techniques and regular physical activity.


How is Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) diagnosed in adults?

ADHD in adults is diagnosed through a comprehensive evaluation that includes a detailed history of symptoms, interviews, and questionnaires. It often involves assessing the impact of symptoms on daily functioning and ruling out other conditions that might cause similar symptoms.


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