[18M] Experiencing fixated thoughts and visual disturbances post substance use

Patient Description

An 18-year-old male has been experiencing fixated and unpleasant thoughts over the past week, which have significantly worsened in the last two days. These thoughts are self-critical and focused on doing everything right and criticizing past actions, affecting his ability to focus on schoolwork and causing him to act paranoid around family members. The patient started smoking cannabis daily and took shrooms about a month ago, after which he began experiencing visual disturbances described as flashing and rainbow static. He reports anxiety, mood changes (feeling unusually sad or euphoric), headaches, nausea, and changes in appetite. There is no history of hallucinations or use of other substances. The patient has no previous mental health issues or diagnoses but has a family history of bipolar disorder. He is not currently taking any medications and has not had any recent medical or psychiatric evaluations since these symptoms began.

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Arora's Assessment

What might be happening

Based on the symptoms you've described, several potential diagnoses and contributing factors could be considered:

Fixated and Unpleasant Thoughts

  • Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD): Your description of fixated and self-critical thoughts could be indicative of OCD, where individuals experience persistent, unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and engage in repetitive behaviors (compulsions) to alleviate these thoughts.
  • Anxiety Disorders: Generalized anxiety disorder or other anxiety-related conditions can cause intrusive, distressing thoughts and self-criticism.

Visual Disturbances

  • Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder (HPPD): Given your recent use of shrooms (psilocybin), it's possible that you are experiencing HPPD, a condition where individuals have persistent visual disturbances after using hallucinogenic substances.
  • Substance-Induced Psychosis: Daily cannabis use, especially in combination with hallucinogens, can sometimes lead to psychotic symptoms, including visual disturbances.

Mood Changes and Paranoia

  • Substance-Induced Mood Disorder: The use of cannabis and shrooms can significantly impact mood and mental state, leading to mood swings, anxiety, and paranoia.
  • Bipolar Disorder: Given your family history of bipolar disorder, it's possible that you could be experiencing early symptoms of this condition, which can include mood swings, anxiety, and paranoia.

What you can do

Fixated and Unpleasant Thoughts

  • Seek Professional Help: It's important to consult a mental health professional, such as a psychologist or psychiatrist, who can provide a proper diagnosis and treatment plan.
  • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): This type of therapy can help you manage and reduce intrusive thoughts and self-criticism.
  • Mindfulness and Relaxation Techniques: Practices such as meditation, deep breathing exercises, and progressive muscle relaxation can help reduce anxiety and improve focus.

Visual Disturbances

  • Avoid Substance Use: Cease the use of cannabis and other substances to see if your symptoms improve. Substance use can exacerbate visual disturbances and other mental health symptoms.
  • Consult a Healthcare Provider: A healthcare provider can evaluate your symptoms and determine if they are related to HPPD or another condition. They may recommend specific treatments or therapies.

Mood Changes and Paranoia

  • Monitor Your Symptoms: Keep track of your mood changes, anxiety levels, and any instances of paranoia. This information can be valuable for your healthcare provider.
  • Healthy Lifestyle Choices: Ensure you are getting enough sleep, eating a balanced diet, and engaging in regular physical activity. These can all help stabilize your mood.
  • Support System: Talk to trusted family members or friends about what you're experiencing. Having a support system can be very helpful.

What you should look out for

Given the severity of your symptoms and the potential for serious underlying conditions, you should seek medical care as soon as possible. Reasons to seek care even more urgently include:

  • Worsening Visual Disturbances: If your visual symptoms become more intense or frequent.
  • Severe Mood Swings: If you experience extreme highs or lows in your mood.
  • Thoughts of Self-Harm: If you have any thoughts of harming yourself or others, seek immediate help.
  • Inability to Function: If your symptoms prevent you from performing daily activities or significantly impact your quality of life.

Remember, while I can provide information and suggestions, it's crucial to consult with a healthcare professional for a formal diagnosis and appropriate treatment. You can also use MDandMe to journal your symptoms, track progress, get insights, and share longitudinal medical notes with your provider.

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3 mo ago


People Also Ask


Can cannabis and shrooms cause long-term mental health issues?

Yes, cannabis and shrooms can contribute to long-term mental health issues, especially if used frequently. They can lead to conditions like substance-induced psychosis, mood disorders, and in some cases, exacerbate underlying mental health conditions.


What is Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder (HPPD) and how is it treated?

HPPD is a condition where individuals experience persistent visual disturbances after using hallucinogenic substances. Treatment typically involves stopping the use of hallucinogens, and in some cases, medications or therapy may be recommended to manage symptoms.


How can I differentiate between anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?

Anxiety disorders often involve persistent worry and fear, while OCD is characterized by unwanted, intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions) to alleviate these thoughts. A mental health professional can help differentiate between the two through a detailed assessment.


What are the early signs of bipolar disorder, especially with a family history?

Early signs of bipolar disorder can include mood swings, periods of depression, and episodes of elevated mood or irritability. Given a family history, it's important to monitor these symptoms and consult a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis and management plan.


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