[38M] Experiencing neurological and cognitive symptoms with a history of sick sinus syndrome and pacemaker

Patient Description

A 38-year-old male reports experiencing a sensation of small muscle contractions in tiny spots all over his brain, accompanied by migraines, a heavy feeling in the head as if someone is squishing his brain, dizziness, vision changes, memory changes, and difficulty thinking clearly. These symptoms have been occurring on and off for the past four months. The dizziness is rated as a 7 out of 10 in severity and worsens with movement. The patient also reports moderate body weakness, trouble finding words, answering questions, and occasional slurred speech. Vision changes include blurry spots, fogginess, and the sensation of things moving, which occur constantly when the brain symptoms are present. The patient has a history of sick sinus syndrome, sleep apnea, a pacemaker (first implanted in 2013 and replaced in 2024), and a double fusion in the neck performed in 2020. The patient is allergic to penicillin and is not currently taking any medications, nor has he been exposed to any chemicals, toxins, or environmental factors. No recent travel or substance use reported.

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Arora's Assessment

What might be happening

Based on the symptoms you've described, there are a few potential diagnoses to consider:

  1. Migraine with Aura: Migraines can cause severe headaches, vision changes, dizziness, and cognitive difficulties. The sensation of your brain feeling like it's having small muscle contractions could be related to the neurological disturbances that occur during a migraine.

  2. Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA): Given your history of sick sinus syndrome and the presence of a pacemaker, it's important to consider the possibility of a TIA, which is a temporary period of symptoms similar to those of a stroke. Symptoms can include dizziness, vision changes, memory issues, and weakness.

  3. Cervical Spine Issues: Your history of a double fusion in your neck could be contributing to some of your symptoms, especially if there is any nerve compression or other complications from the surgery.

  4. Neurological Disorders: Conditions such as multiple sclerosis or other neurological disorders could potentially explain the wide range of symptoms you're experiencing, including cognitive changes, dizziness, and weakness.

What you can do

Migraine with Aura:

  • Consult a Neurologist: It's important to see a neurologist who can evaluate your symptoms and possibly perform imaging studies like an MRI to rule out other causes.
  • Medication: There are medications available that can help prevent migraines or reduce their severity. Your doctor can prescribe these based on your specific needs.
  • Lifestyle Changes: Keeping a migraine diary to track triggers, maintaining a regular sleep schedule, staying hydrated, and managing stress can help reduce the frequency and severity of migraines.

Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA):

  • Immediate Medical Attention: If you suspect a TIA, seek immediate medical attention. TIAs are often warning signs of a potential future stroke.
  • Follow-Up Care: Your doctor may recommend lifestyle changes, medications to reduce stroke risk, and possibly further cardiovascular evaluations.

Cervical Spine Issues:

  • Physical Therapy: A physical therapist can help you with exercises to strengthen your neck and improve your posture, which may alleviate some of your symptoms.
  • Follow-Up with Your Surgeon: If you haven't already, consider following up with the surgeon who performed your neck fusion to ensure there are no complications.

Neurological Disorders:

  • Neurological Evaluation: A comprehensive evaluation by a neurologist can help determine if there is an underlying neurological condition contributing to your symptoms.
  • Diagnostic Tests: Tests such as MRI, CT scans, or lumbar punctures may be necessary to diagnose or rule out certain conditions.

What you should look out for

Given the severity and complexity of your symptoms, it's important to seek medical care as soon as possible. Reasons to seek care even more urgently include:

  • Sudden onset of severe headache or vision changes
  • Sudden weakness or numbness, especially on one side of the body
  • Difficulty speaking or understanding speech
  • Loss of coordination or balance
  • Fainting or loss of consciousness

Remember, while I can provide information and suggestions, it's crucial to consult with a healthcare professional for a formal diagnosis and appropriate treatment. You can also use MDandMe to journal your symptoms, track progress, get insights, and share longitudinal medical notes with your provider.

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6 mo ago

People Also Ask


What are the common symptoms of a migraine with aura?

Common symptoms of a migraine with aura include visual disturbances such as flashing lights or zigzag patterns, sensory changes like tingling or numbness, difficulty speaking, and sometimes motor weakness. These symptoms typically precede the headache phase of a migraine.


How can a transient ischemic attack (TIA) be distinguished from a stroke?

A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is often called a 'mini-stroke' because it produces stroke-like symptoms that resolve within a short period, usually less than 24 hours. Unlike a stroke, a TIA does not cause permanent brain damage, but it is a warning sign of a potential future stroke.


Can cervical spine issues cause symptoms like dizziness and vision changes?

Yes, cervical spine issues, especially after surgeries like a double fusion, can lead to symptoms such as dizziness and vision changes. This can occur if there is nerve compression or other complications affecting the nerves that run through the neck.


What neurological disorders could cause symptoms like cognitive changes and muscle weakness?

Neurological disorders that could cause symptoms like cognitive changes and muscle weakness include multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and other conditions affecting the central nervous system. A thorough evaluation by a neurologist is necessary to diagnose these conditions.


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