[21F] Experiencing abdominal pain, nausea, and headache

Patient Description

A 21-year-old female presents with a one-week history of intermittent cramp-like abdominal pain on the left side near the pelvis, rated as a 6 out of 10 in severity, which is somewhat relieved by pressure. She also reports nausea that comes and goes, especially when hungry, as well as light-headedness. The patient has been experiencing migraines and has noticed vaginal discharge and spotting since her last unprotected sexual intercourse on February 10. She has a history of cysts diagnosed 5 years ago and is currently taking birth control pills daily. She has no known drug allergies. Additionally, she reports pain after urination.

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Arora's Assessment

What might be happening

Based on the information you've provided, possible diagnoses include:

  • Urinary Tract Infection (UTI): This is an infection in any part of your urinary system, which includes your kidneys, bladder, ureters, and urethra. UTIs are more common in women, and they can cause pain and discomfort in the lower abdomen and during urination.

    • Treatment typically involves antibiotics to clear the infection.
  • Ovarian Cysts: You mentioned a history of cysts. Ovarian cysts can cause abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in the menstrual cycle. The pain from ovarian cysts can be sharp or dull and it can come and go.

    • Treatment can range from monitoring the cysts to using birth control pills to prevent new cysts from forming, to surgery in severe cases.
  • Pregnancy: Given your recent unprotected sexual activity and irregularities in your menstrual cycle, it's possible that you could be pregnant. Early signs of pregnancy can include abdominal cramping, changes in vaginal discharge, and nausea.

    • If you suspect you might be pregnant, you should take a home pregnancy test. If the test is positive, you should see a healthcare provider for prenatal care.

What you can do

  1. Take a home pregnancy test: If you think you might be pregnant, taking a home pregnancy test can give you a quick answer. These tests are usually very accurate when used correctly.

  2. See a healthcare provider: If your symptoms persist or worsen, you should see a healthcare provider. They can perform tests to determine if you have a UTI or ovarian cysts, and they can provide appropriate treatment.

  3. Stay hydrated: Drinking plenty of water can help flush bacteria out of your urinary system, which can help prevent UTIs.

What you should look out for

Reasons to seek immediate medical attention:

  • Severe abdominal pain
  • Fever or chills
  • Blood in your urine
  • Difficulty urinating or very frequent urination
  • Severe nausea or vomiting

Remember, while I strive to provide accurate information, I'm not a doctor. You should consult with a healthcare provider for a formal diagnosis and treatment.

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10 mo ago

People Also Ask


What are the common symptoms of a urinary tract infection (UTI)?

Common symptoms of a UTI include a strong, persistent urge to urinate, a burning sensation when urinating, passing frequent, small amounts of urine, cloudy or strong-smelling urine, and pelvic pain, especially in women.


How can ovarian cysts affect menstrual cycles and cause pain?

Ovarian cysts can cause irregular menstrual cycles, pelvic pain, bloating, and sometimes pain during intercourse or bowel movements. The pain can be sharp or dull and may come and go.


What are the early signs of pregnancy that I should be aware of?

Early signs of pregnancy can include missed periods, nausea or vomiting (often referred to as morning sickness), increased urination, fatigue, and changes in vaginal discharge. Some women also experience light spotting or cramping.


How effective are home pregnancy tests and when should I take one?

Home pregnancy tests are generally very accurate when used correctly, especially after a missed period. It's best to take the test in the morning when your urine is most concentrated. If the test is positive, you should follow up with a healthcare provider for confirmation and prenatal care.


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