[19M] Experiencing episodes of altered time perception and dissociation

Patient Description

A 19-year-old male reports experiencing episodes of altered time perception and feelings of dissociation for the past 4 years. These episodes, which often occur when the patient is tired, involve a sensation of moving faster than the surroundings and a feeling of being detached from the body, as if observing oneself from above. Episodes typically last from 30 minutes to an hour and occur spontaneously. The patient has no history of losing consciousness or having seizures during these episodes and does not experience hallucinations. The patient has been diagnosed with ADHD, depression, and anxiety since age 14 and is currently taking 50mg of Zoloft nightly. Additionally, the patient has been taking 20mg of Melatonin nightly for the past two weeks to aid with sleep and uses creatine for working out. There is a family history of similar symptoms and psychiatric conditions. The patient has abstained from using weed for two years and reports no allergies or adverse reactions to medications.

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Arora's Assessment

What might be happening

Based on your symptoms, possible explanations include:

  • Depersonalization-derealization disorder: This is a type of dissociative disorder that consists of persistent or recurrent feelings of being detached (dissociated) from one’s body or mental processes, usually with a feeling of being an outside observer of one's life (depersonalization), or of being detached from one's surroundings (derealization). The symptoms you described, such as feeling like you're dreaming while awake, observing yourself from above, and feeling like nothing is real, are common in this disorder.

    • Treatment typically involves psychotherapy, with cognitive behavioral therapy being particularly effective. Medications can also be used, although none are specifically approved for this condition.
  • Anxiety disorder: Anxiety can cause a variety of physical and mental symptoms, one of which is a feeling of unreality or detachment from self or surroundings. Given your history of anxiety, it's possible that your symptoms are a manifestation of this condition.

    • Treatment typically involves a combination of psychotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and medication.
  • Side effects of medication: Zoloft and melatonin, which you're currently taking, can cause a variety of side effects, including a feeling of detachment or unreality.

    • If you suspect that your symptoms may be related to your medication, it's important to discuss this with your doctor. Do not stop taking your medication without consulting your doctor first.

What you can do

  1. Consult a healthcare professional: Given the complexity of your symptoms, it's important to consult a healthcare professional who can provide a formal assessment and recommend appropriate treatment.

  2. Monitor your symptoms: Keep a record of when your symptoms occur, how long they last, and any potential triggers. This information can be helpful for your healthcare provider in diagnosing your condition.

  3. Practice good sleep hygiene: Since your symptoms often occur when you're tired, ensuring that you're getting enough quality sleep may help. This includes maintaining a consistent sleep schedule, creating a restful environment, and avoiding caffeine and heavy meals before bedtime.

  4. Mindfulness and relaxation techniques: These can help manage symptoms of anxiety and may also be beneficial for symptoms of depersonalization and derealization.

What you should look out for

  • Worsening of symptoms: If your symptoms become more frequent or severe, seek medical attention promptly.
  • New symptoms: If you develop new symptoms such as loss of consciousness, seizures, or hallucinations, seek medical attention immediately.
  • Suicidal thoughts: If you ever have thoughts of harming yourself, reach out to a trusted individual immediately and seek professional help.

Remember, while I strive to provide accurate information, I'm not a doctor. Always consult with a healthcare professional for a formal diagnosis and treatment.

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11 mo ago

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People Also Ask


What is depersonalization-derealization disorder and how is it treated?

Depersonalization-derealization disorder is a dissociative disorder characterized by persistent or recurrent feelings of detachment from one's body or surroundings. Treatment often involves psychotherapy, particularly cognitive behavioral therapy, and sometimes medication, although no medications are specifically approved for this condition.


Can anxiety cause feelings of detachment or unreality?

Yes, anxiety can cause a variety of symptoms, including feelings of unreality or detachment from oneself or surroundings. These symptoms can be a manifestation of anxiety disorders.


Are there any side effects of Zoloft or melatonin that could cause feelings of detachment?

Yes, both Zoloft and melatonin can have side effects that include feelings of detachment or unreality. If you suspect your symptoms are related to your medication, it's important to discuss this with your doctor before making any changes.


What are some strategies to improve sleep hygiene?

Improving sleep hygiene involves maintaining a consistent sleep schedule, creating a restful environment, and avoiding caffeine and heavy meals before bedtime. These practices can help ensure better quality sleep and may reduce symptoms that occur when tired.


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