[18M] With difficulty focusing, headaches, and mood fluctuations

Patient Description

An 18-year-old male reports having trouble focusing and comprehending spoken and written information for the past 1-2 years. He describes feeling disoriented and unable to get things done, often procrastinating on tasks. Additionally, he frequently forgets where he places items, even if he just put them down a few minutes ago. The difficulty focusing is exacerbated by frustration and is particularly problematic in school settings. He also experiences stress-related throbbing headaches, primarily at the back of his head, which have been occurring for the past 2 years. The headaches intensify with anxiety, stress, or frustration. Other symptoms include shaky fingers, occasional feelings of not wanting to be awake despite having good days or weeks, periods of boredom followed by sudden bursts of activity and social interaction, and occasional hysterical behavior.

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Arora's Assessment

What might be happening

Based on the symptoms you've described, there are a few possible conditions that could be contributing to your difficulties with focus, mood, and physical symptoms:

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

  • Symptoms: Trouble focusing, difficulty comprehending spoken or written information, procrastination, forgetfulness, and feeling disoriented.
  • Rationale: ADHD often presents with symptoms of inattention, such as difficulty sustaining focus, forgetfulness, and procrastination. These symptoms can significantly impact daily activities and academic performance.
  • Typical Treatments: ADHD is commonly treated with a combination of medication (such as stimulants like Adderall or non-stimulants like Strattera) and behavioral therapy. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) can also be helpful.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) or Stress-Related Disorders

  • Symptoms: Stress headaches, feeling disoriented, and worsening symptoms when frustrated or anxious.
  • Rationale: Anxiety and stress can lead to physical symptoms like headaches and can exacerbate difficulties with concentration and focus.
  • Typical Treatments: Treatment often includes therapy (such as CBT), stress management techniques, and sometimes medication (such as SSRIs or benzodiazepines).

Mood Disorders (e.g., Depression or Bipolar Disorder)

  • Symptoms: Randomly waking up feeling unmotivated, fluctuating between boredom and sudden bursts of activity, and feeling hysterical at times.
  • Rationale: Mood disorders can cause significant fluctuations in energy levels, motivation, and mood. Depression can lead to feelings of disinterest and low energy, while bipolar disorder can cause alternating periods of depression and heightened activity (mania or hypomania).
  • Typical Treatments: Mood disorders are often treated with a combination of medication (such as antidepressants or mood stabilizers) and therapy. Lifestyle changes and support groups can also be beneficial.

What you can do

Difficulty Focusing and ADHD Symptoms

  • Seek Professional Help: Consult a healthcare provider for a formal evaluation and diagnosis. They may recommend medication, therapy, or both.
  • Organizational Tools: Use planners, to-do lists, and reminders to help manage tasks and deadlines.
  • Break Tasks into Smaller Steps: This can make tasks feel more manageable and reduce procrastination.
  • Minimize Distractions: Create a quiet, organized workspace to help improve focus.

Stress and Anxiety

  • Stress Management Techniques: Practice relaxation techniques such as deep breathing, meditation, or yoga.
  • Regular Exercise: Physical activity can help reduce stress and improve overall well-being.
  • Healthy Sleep Habits: Ensure you get enough sleep and maintain a regular sleep schedule.
  • Seek Therapy: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) can be particularly effective for managing anxiety and stress.

Mood Fluctuations

  • Monitor Your Mood: Keep a journal to track your mood, energy levels, and activities. This can help identify patterns and triggers.
  • Healthy Lifestyle: Maintain a balanced diet, regular exercise, and adequate sleep.
  • Seek Professional Help: A mental health professional can provide a proper diagnosis and recommend appropriate treatment, which may include medication and therapy.

What you should look out for

Given the complexity of your symptoms, it's important to seek medical care to get a comprehensive evaluation. Reasons to seek care more urgently include:

  • Severe or Worsening Symptoms: If your headaches become more severe or frequent, or if your mood symptoms significantly worsen.
  • Safety Concerns: If you experience thoughts of self-harm or harm to others, seek immediate help.
  • Functional Impairment: If your symptoms are significantly impacting your ability to function in daily life, school, or work.

Remember, while I can provide information and suggestions, it's crucial to consult with a healthcare professional for a formal diagnosis and personalized treatment plan. You can also use MDandMe to journal your symptoms, track progress, get insights, and share longitudinal medical notes with your provider.

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4 mo ago


People Also Ask


What are the common symptoms of ADHD in young adults?

Common symptoms of ADHD in young adults include difficulty focusing, forgetfulness, procrastination, feeling disoriented, and challenges in comprehending information. These symptoms can affect academic performance and daily activities.


How can stress and anxiety contribute to physical symptoms like headaches?

Stress and anxiety can lead to physical symptoms like headaches due to muscle tension, increased blood pressure, and the body's stress response. These symptoms can worsen with heightened anxiety or frustration.


What are the typical treatments for mood disorders such as depression or bipolar disorder?

Mood disorders are often treated with a combination of medication, such as antidepressants or mood stabilizers, and therapy. Lifestyle changes, support groups, and regular monitoring by a healthcare professional can also be beneficial.


How can someone manage procrastination and improve focus in daily tasks?

To manage procrastination and improve focus, individuals can use organizational tools like planners and to-do lists, break tasks into smaller steps, minimize distractions, and create a structured and quiet workspace. Seeking professional help for underlying conditions like ADHD can also be beneficial.

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