[44F] With painful canker sore, fatigue, and swollen lymph nodes

Patient Description

A 44-year-old female presents with a very painful canker sore under her tongue that has been present for about a week, making it difficult to eat. She has had canker sores in the past, but they occur infrequently and not recently. The current canker sore appeared suddenly without any known triggers such as certain foods, stress, or injuries to the mouth. In addition to the canker sore, she reports feeling fatigued and has swollen lymph nodes. Her tonsils are red, but she has not experienced a fever. The patient is currently taking levothyroxine daily at a dosage of 0.5 mg for Hashimoto's disease and is not on any other medications or supplements. She has no known medication allergies and no other significant medical history.

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Arora's Assessment

What might be happening

Based on the symptoms you've described, here are some possible explanations:

  • Canker Sore (Aphthous Ulcer): Canker sores are small, shallow lesions that develop on the soft tissues in your mouth or at the base of your gums. They can be very painful and make eating and talking difficult. They are not contagious and usually heal on their own within one to two weeks. The exact cause is often unknown, but they can be triggered by stress, minor mouth injuries, acidic or spicy foods, or underlying health conditions.

  • Viral Infection: Given your swollen lymph nodes and red tonsils, it's possible that a viral infection, such as a common cold or a mild case of the flu, could be contributing to your symptoms. Viral infections can sometimes cause canker sores as well.

  • Nutritional Deficiencies: Deficiencies in certain vitamins and minerals, such as vitamin B12, zinc, folic acid, and iron, can lead to the development of canker sores.

  • Autoimmune Conditions: Since you have Hashimoto's disease, an autoimmune condition, it's possible that your immune system could be contributing to the development of canker sores and other symptoms.

What you can do

While it's important to consult a healthcare professional for a formal diagnosis and treatment plan, here are some steps you can take to alleviate your symptoms:

  1. Oral Care: Maintain good oral hygiene by brushing your teeth gently with a soft-bristled brush and using a mild mouthwash. Avoid toothpaste and mouth rinses that contain sodium lauryl sulfate, which can irritate canker sores.

  2. Avoid Irritants: Stay away from spicy, acidic, or rough-textured foods that can aggravate the canker sore. Opt for soft, bland foods that are easier to eat.

  3. Pain Relief: Over-the-counter topical treatments, such as benzocaine (Orajel) or hydrogen peroxide rinses, can help numb the pain and promote healing. You can also use a saltwater rinse (1 teaspoon of salt in 1 cup of warm water) to soothe the sore.

  4. Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water to stay hydrated, which can help with overall healing and reduce fatigue.

  5. Rest: Ensure you get adequate rest to help your body recover from any underlying infection or stress.

  6. Monitor Symptoms: Use MDandMe to journal your symptoms, track your progress, and share longitudinal medical notes with your healthcare provider. This can help in identifying any patterns or triggers.

What you should look out for

Seek medical attention if you experience any of the following:

  • The canker sore persists for more than two weeks or worsens.
  • You develop a high fever or experience severe pain.
  • You notice other unusual symptoms, such as difficulty swallowing, breathing, or significant weight loss.
  • Your swollen lymph nodes do not improve or continue to enlarge.

Remember, while these tips can help manage your symptoms, it's essential to consult a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and appropriate treatment.

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4 mo ago

People Also Ask


What causes canker sores to develop suddenly without known triggers?

Canker sores can develop suddenly due to a variety of factors, including stress, minor injuries to the mouth, hormonal changes, or underlying health conditions. Sometimes, the exact cause is unknown, and they can appear without any identifiable triggers.


Can viral infections cause canker sores and swollen lymph nodes?

Yes, viral infections can cause canker sores and swollen lymph nodes. The body's immune response to a viral infection can lead to inflammation and the development of canker sores, as well as swelling of the lymph nodes as they work to fight off the infection.


How can nutritional deficiencies lead to canker sores?

Nutritional deficiencies, particularly in vitamin B12, zinc, folic acid, and iron, can lead to the development of canker sores. These nutrients are essential for maintaining healthy mucous membranes and immune function, and their deficiency can result in oral lesions.


What are the potential links between autoimmune conditions and canker sores?

Autoimmune conditions, like Hashimoto's disease, can be linked to canker sores because the immune system may mistakenly attack healthy cells in the mouth, leading to inflammation and ulceration. This immune response can contribute to the development of canker sores.


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